ДСТУ IEC 61378-3:2016 Трансформаторы преобразовательные. Часть 3. Руководство по применению (IEC 61378-3:2015, IDT)



ДСТУ IEC 61378-3:2016
(IEC 61378-3:2015, IDT)

Трансформатори перетворювальні. Частина 3. Настанова щодо застосування

 
   
 
 
     
Не є офіційним виданням.
Офіційне видання розповсюджує національний орган стандартизації
(ДП «УкрНДНЦ» http://uas.gov.ua)

Contents

FOREWORD

INTRODUCTION

0.1    General

0.2    Rating data (Clause 5)

0.3    Winding configurations (Clause 6)

0.4   Tappings and impedances (Clause 7)

0.5    Insulation aspects and dielectric tests (Clause 8)

0.6    Losses (Clause 9)

0.7   Core and sound aspects (Clause 10)

0.8    Transformer specification (Clause 11)

0.9    Short circuit considerations (Clause 12)

0.10  Components (Clause 13)

0.11   Maintenance (Clause 14)

0.12   Monitoring and on-site investigations (Clause 15)

0.13   Additional sources of information

1   Scope

2   Normative references

3   Terms and definitions

4   Symbols and abbreviations

5   Rating data

6   Winding configurations

6.1    General

6.2    Industrial applications

6.2.1      Rectifier

6.2.2     Voltage regulation

6.2.3     Autotransformer design

6.3   HVDC applications

6.3.1     Different types of transformer arrangement

6.3.2    Winding arrangements

6.3.3     Consideration of impedance - mutual impedance

7   Tappings and impedances - HVDC applications

7.1    Value of impedance

7.2    Variability of impedance

8   Insulation aspects and dielectric tests

8.1    Hybrid insulation systems

8.1.1     General

8.1.2     Hybrid insulation for converter transformers

8.2    Dielectric tests

8.2.1     General

8.2.2     Dielectric safety margins in long term d.c. and polarity reversal testing

8.2.3     Comments on the dielectric test procedures

9   Losses

9.1 General

9.1.1     General considerations

9.1.2     Losses and frequency

9.1.3     Current sharing, losses and hot spot in high current windings

9.1.4     Current harmonics

9.1.5     Transformers with three or more windings wound on the same core limb

9.1.6     Dual frequency testing of HVDC transformers

9.1.7     Transformers with more than one active part in the same tank

9.1.8     Transformers connected to a voltage source converter

9.2 Thermal tests

9.2.1     General

9.2.2     Calculation of test currents and losses for industrial transformers

9.2.3     Calculation of losses and test currents for HVDC transformers

9.2.4     Considerations on the hot spot and limits of the thermal tests

9.2.5     Considerations on temperature rise test of industrial transformers

9.2.6     Tank hot spots in industrial transformers

10  Core and sound aspects

10.1   Core

10.1.1    Constructional features

10.1.2    Effect of harmonics on transformer active part cores

10.1.3    DC bias voltage effect on main active part cores

10.1.4   Summary about cores

10.2  Sound

10.2.1    General

10.2.2    Fundamental considerations

11  Transformer specification

11.1   General

11.2   Technical specification versus functional specifications

11.2.1    General

11.2.2    Technical specifications

11.2.3    Functional specifications

11.3   HVDC transformer specifications

11.4   Notes and comments on specification items to be provided individually by purchaser and supplier

11.5   Information to be provided by the purchaser or by the system designer

11.5.1    General description

11.5.2    System data

11.5.3    Environmental data

11.5.4    Performance requirements

11.5.5    Testing requirements

11.5.6    Sequence of factory tests

11.5.7    Site tests

11.5.8    Design and construction requirements

11.5.9    Auxiliary equipment

11.5.10  Availability and measures to minimize service downtime

11.6   Information to be provided by the supplier

11.6.1    General

11.6.2    General description

11.6.3    Performance data

11.6.4   Supplementary data

11.7  Quality assurance and test program

11.8  Availability and measures to minimize service downtime

12  Short circuit considerations

13 Components

13.1   On-load tap-changers

13.1.1    General

13.1.2    Converters for industrial applications

13.1.3    Converter for HVDC applications

13.2  Valve-side bushings

13.2.1    General

13.2.2    Station layout

13.2.3    Technical considerations

13.2.4    Bushing types

13.2.5    Testing

14  Maintenance

14.1   General

14.2   Oil

14.2.1    General

14.2.2    Oil quality and transformer quality indicators

14.3   Insulation quality

14.3.1    General

14.3.2    Oil sampling requirements

14.3.3    Oil tests

14.3.4    Oil handling, storage and treatment

14.3.5    Oil preservation systems

14.4  Tap-changers

14.5   Accessories and fittings

15  Monitoring

15.1   General

15.2  Transformer condition assessment in service

15.3  Types of monitor

15.3.1    General

15.3.2    Oil condition monitoring

15.3.3    Off-line condition assessment

15.3.4    On and off-line monitors

15.3.5    Expert systems

15.3.6    Fingerprinting

15.4  Monitoring summary

16  Design review of converter transformers

16.1   General

16.2   Scheduling and confidentiality

16.3  Subject for design review

16.3.1    General

16.3.2    System information

16.3.3    Environmental Information

16.3.4    Transformer specific requirements

Bibliography

Figure 1 - Bridge connection for six-pulse arrangement

Figure 2 - Bridge connection for twelve-pulse arrangement

Figure 3 - Transformer connections star-delta and star-star or alternatively, delta-delta and delta-star to give a 30 electrical degree separation between the valve-side voltages

Figure 4 - 15° phase shifting is preferably realized by extended delta or zigzag connection

Figure 5 - Double-star connection

Figure 6 - Typical connection of transductors

Figure 7 - Autotransformer concept for open phases with coarse and fine regulation steps

Figure 8 - Conventional autotransformer concept for closed phases with coarse and fine regulation steps

Figure 9 - Conventional autotransformer concept for closed phases with multi coarse regulation

Figure 10 - Booster autotransformer concept for closed phases with coarse and fine regulation steps

Figure 11 - Autotransformer concept for open phases with coarse and fine regulation steps

Figure 12 - Transformer concept for closed phases with coarse and fine regulation steps

Figure 13 - Two basic arrangements of the individual windings of a two-winding transformer

Figure 14 - Mutual impedance

Figure 15 - Typical impedance pattern

Figure 16 - Components of a typical industrial converter transformer insulating system

Figure 17 - Insulation system, equivalent R-C circuit

Figure 18 - Voltage distribution before and immediately after polarity reversal

Figure 19 - a.c./d.c. conversion - Simplified sketch

Figure 20 - Leakage fields for a three-winding transformer with closely coupled valve windings

Figure 21 - Leakage fields for a three-winding transformer with decoupled valve windings

Figure 22 - Leakage fields for a three winding transformer with loosely coupled double concentric valve windings

Figure 23 - Leakage fields for a three winding transformer with loosely coupled double-tier valve windings

Figure 24 - Short-circuit fault conditions in rectifier bridge

Figure 25 - Arrangement of valve bushings

Figure 26 - Examples of a.c., d.c. and combined electric field dispositions adjacent to HVDC bushings and associated electric insulation systems

Table 1 - Arrangements of two windings

Table 2 - Data for calculation of load losses with harmonic currents

Table 3 - Monitoring types